Suatu kalimat yang dipergunakan dalam berbahasa inggris tidak hanya untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi ataupun pertanyaan namun juga menunjukkan jika subjek justru menerima aksi. Passive voice adalah bentuk gramatikal atau grammatical construction dengan subjek kalimat yang tidak melakukan aksi. Sehingga subjek kalimat hanya berlaku sebagai penerima aksi dari agen lain yang bisa saja disebutkan namun bisa juga tidak disebutkan.

Kalimat pasif (-) tersebut bisa juga merupakan perubahan dari kalimat Aktif (-). Namun, kalimat Aktif (-) yang bisa dipergunakan adalah kalimat yang menggunakan transitive verb yang diikuti direct object. Sehingga jikapun kalimat tersebut transitive verb namun tidak diberi direct object, maka tidak bisa dirubah menjadi kalimat pasif (-).

Namun, terdapat pengecualian untuk transitive verb. Ada jenis transitive verb yang mempunyai direct object bisa dipasifkan. Ada pula beberapa kata yang jika dipasifkan justru akan terdengar aneh. Kata-kata tersebut yaitu have, lack, look like, become dan mean.

Fungsi Passive Voice

Sebelum Anda membuat kalimat pasif (-), Anda harus tahu untuk apa kalimat pasif (-) tersebut dipergunakan. Berikut ini adalah fungsi penggunaan kalimat pasif (-) untuk membantu Anda agar lebih mengerti:

• Saat doer of action atau subjek dari aksi tersebut tidak diketahui. Kata gantinya untuk kalmat Aktif (-) bisa berupa someone ataupun somebody.
• Ketika doer of action tidak penting untuk dijelaskan karena merujuk ke orang secara umum atau ke pelaku aksi yang sudah jelas. Misalnya menggunakan kata ‘you’ ataupun ‘people’.
• Memberi penekanan kepada object. Sehingga kalimat yang dibuat tersebut lebih jelas.
• Dipergunakan untuk variasi pada tulisan. Misalnya menggunakan kata ganti orang ketiga untuk pelaku aksi yang sudah disebutkan sebelumnya.

Merubah Kalimat Passive Voice

Untuk merubah passive voice ada rumusnya tersendiri tergantung pada tense yang dipergunakan. Namun, secara umum, untuk merubah dari kalimat Aktif (-) ke pasif (-), caranya yaitu:

• Tempatkan complement yang ada di kalimat Aktif (-) di bagian awal dari kalimat pasif (-).
• Ketika ada auxiliary pada kalimat Aktif (-), maka Anda harus meletakkannya tepat setelah subjectnya.
• Posisikan verb ‘be’ setelah auxiliary berdasarkan bentuk awal kata kerja utama yang ada di kalimat Aktif (-).
• Posisikan kata kerja utama yang ada di kalimat Aktif (-), seteleh auxiliary dan ‘be’ dalam suatu bentuk past participle.
• Letakkan subject kalimat Aktif (-) langsung tepat setelah kata kerja untuk kalimat pasif (-) dengan diawali by. Namun, kata by ini bisa juga dihilangkan jika penggunaannya tidak merubah arti kalimat.

Rumus Passive Active

Seperti yang dijelaskan sebelumnya, kalimat aktif yang dirubah ke pasif punya aturan tersendiri dan tergantung pada tense yang Anda pergunakan. Agar lebih mudah untuk memahami, ada rumus untuk merubah kalimat Aktif (-) ke pasif (-) seperti berikut ini:

Simple present tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – do/does – V1. Contoh : She does her homework.
• (Pasif) Subject – to be (am/are/is) – V3 – Object. Contoh : I am eaten that cake because that is my cake.

Present continuous tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – to be (am/are/is) – V1-ing – Objectbject. Contoh : I am studying chemistry because tomorrow is exam.
• (Pasif) Subject – to be (am/are/is) – being – v3 – by – Object. Contoh : They are being confused because the speaker wasn’t good enough.

Present perfect tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – have atau has – V3 – Object. Contoh : Siska have forgotten her flight.
• (Pasif) Subject – have atau has – been – V3 – by – Object. Contoh : Marie has been eating her cupcake.

Present perfect continuous tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – have atau has – been – V1-ing – Object. Contoh : My father has been sleep in the car.
• (Pasif) Subject – Have atau has – been – being – V3 – by -O. Contoh : My mother has been being started to yell at me.

Simple past tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – V2 – Object. Contoh : I drinked my tea.
• (Pasif) Subject – to be (was/were) – V3 – by – Object. Contoh : I was scared by the dark.

Past continuous tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – to be (was/were) V1-ing – Object. Contoh : I was writing a book.
• (Pasif) Subject – to be (was/were) – being – v3 – by – Object. Contoh : You were being forgotten by me.

Past perfect tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – had not – v3 – Object. Contoh : I had not go to the park.
• (Pasif) Subject – had – been – V3 – by – Object. Contoh : She had been scared by her father.

Past perfect continuous tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – had – been – V1-ing – Object. Contoh : I had been studying a mathemathic.
• (Pasif) Subject – had – been – being – V3 – by – Object. Contoh : I had been being lied by my friend.

Simple future tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – will not – V1 – Object. Contoh : I will not consider that.
• (Pasif) Subject – will be – V3 – by – Object. Contoh : I will be stopped by the end of a day.

Future continuous tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – will – V1-ing – Object. Contoh : I will walking.
• (Pasif) Subject – will – be – being – V3 – by – Object. Contoh : I will be being submitted this task.

Future Perfect Tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – will – have – V3 – Object. Contoh : She will have gone nowhere.
• (Pasif) Subject – will – have – been – V3 – by – Object. Contoh : His meal have been paid by his mother.

Future perfect continuous tense:

• (Aktif) Subject -will – have – been – V1-ing – Object. Contoh : I will have been eating my fruit salad.
• (Pasif) Subject – will – have – been – being – V3 – by – Object. Contoh : I will have been being confused by your word.

Simple future past tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – would – V1 – Object. Contoh : I would pay this.
• (Pasif) Subject – would – be – V3 – by – Object. Contoh : She would be started her job.

Future past continuous tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – would – be – V1-ing – Object. Contoh : I would be working there.
• (Pasif) Subject – would – be – being – V3 – by – Object. Comtoh : She would be being taken by her husband.

Future past perfect tense:

• (Aktif) Subject – would – have – V3 – Object. Contoh : I would have read a new book.
• (Pasif) S – would – have – been – V3 – By – Object. Contoh : They would have been started by noon.

Future past perfect continuous tense :

• (Aktif) Subject – Would – have – been – v1-ing – Object. Contoh : I would have been drawing a face.
• (Pasif) Subject – would – have – been – being – v3 – by – Object. Comtoh : She would have been being stopped by the police.

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